PREPARED FEASIBILITY STUDY ON FISH BUISNESS ON 5,000 CATFISH

In fish farming the first culture chamber used was the earthen pond, and because of the requirements about the quality of soil which must have 75% clay and retain water. Other qualities which disqualifies other farm sites brought about a concrete pond in which one can culture fish in any farm site even in the compound. But because of some problems in concrete ponds brought about the latest pond designed which is tarpaulin pond, this pond is mobile and does not need one going into any form of constructions.
 LIMITATIONS OF CONCRETE PONDS
1. The chemical from the cement affects the fish all year because of the reaction with water.
 2. The concrete pond is prone to be plastered every season because of the cracks as a result of reactions with water and cement.
 3. The cost is high.
 4. The growth rate of the fish is not encouraging.
 5. A lot of treatment is needed before the pond can be used after construction
. ADVANTAGES OF TARPAULIN POND
1. You can culture fish even inside your compound.
 2. You can use a temporally site to start your fish farm.
3. It is the ideal replacement for earthen pond.
 4. It enhance faster growth of fish. 5
. It makes the fish to feel as if the environment is natural.
 6. It is cheaper and does not need servicing all season.
 COST IMPLICATION IN USING A TARPAULIN POND.
 A pond of 10ft by 20ft will cost N50,000 and galvanized pipe used for the stands for the 20ft by 10ft by 4ft is N18,000, making the total cost of the pond to be N68000.
 COST OF POST FINGERLING OR THE FISH SEED.
 We have three breeds, and their prize on growth rate differs, we have one of N10, N20 and N35 respectively.
 And after six months of culture their growth rate will be 1kg, 1.5kg, and 2.5kg respectively.
So the cost for N10 is N50,000
 N20 is N100,000
 N35 is N175,000
 But the size of the fish determines the market, if 1kg of fish is sold at N400 the 2.5kg will be sold at N1000 plus.
 COST OF FEEDING
 In fish farming the cost of feeding goes up to 75% of the money spent in fish farming and that is why is good that one must culture the breed that will grow well.
 N1000 fishes will consume 40 bags of feed and a bag is sold at N4500 40x5 ponds = N200 bags in all 200x4500 = 900,000
 WATER TREATMENT= This treatment is done in water before stocking fish to prevent shock and any form of bacterial in the water. Each pond will cost N5000 5000x5 ponds = N25,000
GROWTH BOOSTER= This is a multi mineral supplement mixed together with the feed everyday to boost its growth
 PLUMBING= The outlet and inlet connection of the ponds will cost N40,000.
THERE ARE MANY WAYS OF REDUCING THE COST OF FEEDING, AT LEAST SAVING 20% OF THE COST OF FEEDING. THE BENEFITS IS FOR THOSE AM CONSULTING FOR TOTAL COST
 Cost of Ponds : 68,000x5 = N 340,000
 Cost of fish seed : = 175,000
 Cost of feeding: =900,000
 Cost of water treatment =2 5,000
 Cost of booster : = 80,000
 Plumbing: =40,000
 TOTAL: = 1,560,000
COST OF INPUT = N1,560,000
 OUT PUT
When the good breed is culture and fed well the average weight of the fish will be 2kg. And at whole sale price will be at N700 and if 4,800 fishes survives the out put will be 4,800xN700
which is = 3,360,000
 Gain = output – input = 3,360,000 – 1,560,000 = 1,8000,000 profit
 OUR SERVICES Our consultant services covers the farm set up and weekly or monthly check ups on the welfare of the farm to ensure that the fishes are doing well. Our charge for consultancy depends on what the owner wants such as full service or short services. CALL US ON 08032861326 +2348032861326 for help and consultancy.

FEASIBILITY STUDY ON PIG FARMING

Feasibility study on piggery is very important before intending farmer goes into keeping or farming a pig for subsistence or commercial purposes, the feasibility study must include the cost of constructing the piggery house, feeding, good breed pig for farming, medication and marketing. The feasibility study also gives the revenue after sales so that the intending farmer will have an idea of the possible benefit he/she stands to make when he/she starts the business.
FOR YOUR FEASIBILITY REPORT, E-BOOKS ON PIG FARMING, CONSULTANCY AND HELP CALL 08032861326.

Why some fish farmers are not making profit in fish farming buisness.

Why some fish farmers are not making gains in fish culture is because of.
(1) culturing bad species.
(2) how there fish farm is been constructed.
(3) In ability to manipulate the growth rate when the fish is still at the juvenile stage.
(4) pond treatment.
And many more, farmers must understand that in fish farming there are more to learn before engaging in fish farming. Always go for a consultancy before you start your fish farming.
For help and consultancy call us 08032861326.

Elements of good feasibility study by Kingsway Agro Services

The Elements of a Good Feasibility Study
By kingsway Agro Services "Those who do not do their home work do not graduate." Bryce's Law In its simplest form, a Feasibility Study represents a definition of a problem or opportunity to be studied, an analysis of the current mode of operation, a definition of requirements, an evaluation of alternatives, and an agreed upon course of action. As such, the activities for preparing a Feasibility Study are generic in nature and can
be applied to any type of project, be it for systems and software development, making an acquisition, or any other project. There are basically six parts to any effective Feasibility Study: 1.
 The Project Scope which is used to define the business problem and/or opportunity to be addressed. The old adage, "The problem well stated is half solved," is very apropos. The scope should be definitive and to the point; rambling narrative serves no purpose and can actually confuse project participants. It is also necessary to define the parts of the business affected either directly or indirectly, including project participants and end-user areas affected by the project. The project sponsor should be identified, particularly if he/she is footing the bill. I have seen too many projects in the corporate world started without a well defined project scope. Consequently, projects have wandered in and out of their boundaries causing them to produce either far too much or far too little than what is truly needed. 2. The Current Analysis is used to define and understand the current method of implementation, such as a system, a product, etc. From this analysis, it is not uncommon to discover there is actually nothing wrong with the current system or product other than some misunderstandings regarding it or perhaps it needs some simple modifications as opposed to a major overhaul. Also, the strengths and weaknesses of the current approach are identified (pros and cons). In addition, there may very well be elements of the current system or product that may be used in its successor thus saving time and money later on. Without such analysis, this may never be discovered. Analysts are cautioned to avoid the temptation to stop and correct any problems encountered in the current system at this time. Simply document your findings instead, otherwise you will spend more time unnecessarily in this stage (aka "Analysis Paralysis"). 3. Requirements -
how requirements are defined depends on the object of the project's attention. For example, how requirements are specified for a product are substantially different than requirements for an edifice, a bridge, or an information system. Each exhibits totally different properties and, as such, are defined
differently. How you define requirements for software is also substantially different than how you define them for systems. 4. The Approach represents the recommended solution or course of action to satisfy the requirements. Here, various alternatives are considered along with an explanation as to why the preferred solution was selected. In terms of design related projects, it is here where whole rough designs (e.g., "renderings") are developed in order to determine viability. It is also at this point where the use of existing structures and commercial alternatives are considered (e.g., "build versus buy" decisions). The over riding considerations though are: Does the recommended approach satisfy the requirements? Is it also a practical and viable solution? (Will it "Play in Pough keepsie?") A thorough analysis here is needed in order to perform the next step... 5. Evaluation - examines the cost effectiveness of the approach selected. This begins with an analysis of the estimated total cost of the project. In addition to the recommended solution, other alternatives are estimated in order to offer an economic comparison. For development projects, an estimate of labour and out-of- pocket expenses is assembled along with a project schedule showing the project path and start- and-end dates. After the total cost of the project has been calculated, a cost and evaluation summary is prepared which includes such things as a cost/benefit analysis, return on investment, etc. 6. Review - all of the preceding elements are then assembled into a
Feasibility Study and a formal review is conducted with all parties involved. The review serves two purposes: to substantiate the thoroughness and accuracy of the Feasibility Study, and to make a project decision; either approve it, reject it, or ask that it be revised before making a final decision. If approved, it is very important that all parties sign the document which expresses their acceptance and commitment to it; it may be a seemingly small gesture, but signatures carry a lot of weight later on as the project progresses. If the Feasibility Study is rejected, the reasons for its rejection should be explained and attached to the document. Conclusion It should be remembered that a Feasibility Study is more of a way of thinking as opposed to a bureaucratic process. For example, what I have just described is essentially the same process we all follow when purchasing an car or a home. As the scope of the project grows, it becomes more important to document the Feasibility Study particularly if large amounts of money are involved and/or the criticality of delivery. Not only should the Feasibility Study contain sufficient detail to carry on to the next succeeding phase in the project, but it should also be used for comparative analysis when preparing the final Project Audit which analyses what was delivered versus what was proposed in the Feasibility Study. Feasibility Studies represent a common sense approach to planning. Frankly, it is just plain good business to conduct them. However, I have read where some people in the IT field, such as the "Agile" methodology proponents, consider Feasibility Studies to be a colossal waste of time. If this is true, I've got a good used car I want to sell them. For your feasibility study about your investment call us on 08032861326.

foraging in pig

Pigs are omnivores, which means that they consume both plants
and animals. In the wild, they are
foraging animals, primarily eating
leaves, grasses, roots, fruits and
flowers. In confinement pigs are
fed mostly corn and soybean meal with a mixture of vitamins and
minerals added to the diet.

ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT PIG

Pigs have been domesticated since ancient times in the Old World. Archaeological evidence suggests
that pigs were being managed in
the wild in a way similar to the
way they are managed by some
modern New Guineans from wild
boar as early as 13,000–12,700 BP in the Near East in the Tigris Basin.[7] Remains of pigs have been dated to earlier than 11,400
BP in Cyprus that must have been
introduced from the main land
which suggests domestication in the adjacent mainland by then.[8] A separate domestication also occurred in China.[9] In India, pigs have been
domesticated since a long time
mostly in Goa and some rural are as for pig toilets. This was also done in China. Though ecologically
logical as well as economical, pig
toilets are waning in popularity as
use of septic tanks and/or sewerage system is increasing in rural areas. Pigs were brought to
southeastern North America from
Europe by Hernando de Soto and other early Spanish explorers. Pigs
are particularly valued in China
and on certain oceanic islands,
where their self-sufficiency allows
them to be turned loose, although
the practice is not without its draw backs (see Environmental impact). With managed rotational grazing techniques pigs can be
raised in an environmentally
sound manner on pasture much
like grazing sheep, goats and cows without high grain inputs.[10] The domestic pig (Sus scrofa
domestics) is usually given the scientific name Sus scrofa, although some authors call it S.
domesticus, reserving S. scrofa for
the wild boar. It was domesticated approximately 5,000 to 7,000
years ago. Their coats are coarse
and bristly. They are born
brownish coloured and tend to
turn more grayish coloured with
age. The upper canines form sharp distinctive tusks that curve outward and upward. Compared
to other artiodactyles, their head
is relatively long, pointed, and
free of warts. Their head and body length ranges from 0.9 to 1.8 m
and they can weigh between 50
and 350 kg. Pigs are intelligent[11] and can be trained to perform numerous tasks and tricks.[12] Recently, they have enjoyed a measure of
popularity as house pets,
particularly the dwarf breeds.
call 08032861326

Pig species

Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Subclass: Theria Infra class: Eutheria
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Suidae
Subfamily: Suinae
Genus: Sus Linnaeus,
A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the Suidae family of even-toed ungulates. Pigs include the domestic pig, its ancestor the wild boar, and several other wild relatives. Pigs
are omnivores and are highly social and intelligent animals. Description and behaviour. A typical pig has a large head with
a long snout which is
strengthened by a special
prenasal bone and by a disk of cartilage at the tip.[1] The snout is used to dig into the soil to find
food and is a very acute sense
organ. There are four hoofed toes on each foot, with the two larger
central toes bearing most of the
weight, but the outer two also being used in soft ground.[2] The dental formula of adult pigs is , giving a total of 44 teeth.[3] The rear teeth are adapted for
crushing. In the male the canine
teeth form tusks, which grow continuously and are sharpened
by constantly being ground against each other.[1] Distribution With
around
2 billion individuals alive at any time, the domesticated pig is one of the most numerous large mammals on the planet.[4][5] The ancestor of the domesticated
pig is the wild boar, which is one of the most numerous and
widespread large mammals. Its
many subspecies are native to all
but the harshest climes of
continental Eurasia and its is lands and Africa as well, from Ireland and India to Japan and north to
Siberia. Although it has been
exterminated in some areas, its
numbers are stable or even
increasing rapidly, in most of its
native range. Long isolated from other pigs on
the many islands of Indonesia,
Malaysia, and the Philippines, pigs
have evolved into many different
species, including wild boar,
bearded pigs, and warty pigs. Humans have introduced pigs in to
Australia, North and South
America, and numerous islands,
either accidentally as escaped
domestic pigs which have gone feral, or as wild boar. These have typically adapted well, and are
increasing in number and
broadening their range outside
human control. For more information call 08032861326.

Effect of ovaprim on cafish breeding.

Artificial spawning of two African Catfish species viz: C. gariepinus and H.
longifilis of 0.18 – 0.64kg and 0.53 – 1.63 kg
respectively were carried
out using various doses of Ovaprim with carp pituitary extract (C.P.E.)
as the control. Oocyte
maturation and ovulation
were successfully effected
with Ovaprim doses of 0.2, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40
and 0.50ml/kg for C.
gariepinus and 0.30, 0.35,
0.40, 0.45, 0.50ml/kg for
H. longifilis. Latency
period was between 8 – 11.5 hrs at 26.3ºC – 28.0ºC
but was indirectly
influenced by
temperature, species and
type of hormone. Hatching was between 22
– 30 hrs at a temperature
range of 25.45 – 26.1ºC and was independent of hormone dosage.
Percentage deformed try
was relatively low and
ranged from 0.16 ± 0.28 –
1.08 ± 0.36 in C. gariepinus and 0.52 ±
0.59 . 1.50 ± 0.73 in H. longifilis. Fry survival
rate was high and ranged
from 89.44 ± 0.27 to 93.47
± 2.18 in C. gariepinus and 78.57 ± 11.12 to 90.7 ±
3.90 in H. longifilis. Physico-chemical
parameters were within
the desired range for catfish larval rearing in all the treatments. For more information or consultancy call our help line 08032861326.

flow through hatchery system

Hatchery Phase Hatcheries used to produce catfish
fry are simple facilities that use
flow-through tanks holding about
90 to 100 gallons of water for egg
incubation and fry rearing. The
most critical factor for a successful hatchery is a dependable supply of
high-quality water. Egg hatching tanks are equipped
with a series of paddles spaced
along the length of the tank to
allow wire-mesh baskets to fit
between them. One or two egg
masses are placed in each basket and the paddles gently rotate
through the water to provide
water circulation and aeration. The
incubation time varies from 5 to 8
days depending upon water
temperature. At hatching, the fry (called sac-fry
at this point) fall or swim through
the wire-mesh basket and school in
tight groups. Sac-fry are siphoned
into a bucket and transferred to a
fry rearing tank. Aeration in fry rearing tanks is provided by
surface agitators or by air bubbled
through airstones. Initially, sac-fry are not fed
because they derive nourishment
from the attached yolk sac. Over a
3- to 5-day period after hatching
they absorb the yolk sac and turn
black. At that time fry (now called swim-up fry) swim to the water
surface seeking food. Swim-up fry
must be fed 6 to 12 times a day for
good survival and growth. Fry are
fed nutritionally complete feed for
2 to 7 days before they are transferred to a nursery pond. For your flow through hatchery and fish pond set up, call us on 08032861326.

fingerling production

Commercial Catfish Production
Production Process A typical production cycle for
channel catfish farming begins with
spawning of brood fish. Spawning
begins in the spring when water
temperatures increase to above
70º F. At that time, brood fish held in ponds randomly mate and the
fertilized eggs are collected from
spawning containers and moved to
a hatchery. Eggs hatch after 5 to 8
days of incubation and fry are
reared in the hatchery for an additional 4 to 10 days. Fry are
then transferred to a nursery
pond, fed daily through the
summer, and harvested in autumn
or winter as fingerlings. Fingerlings
are then stocked into fish growout ponds, fed daily, and
harvested when they reach 1 to 2
broodstocks. Roughly 18 to 36 months
is required to produce a food-sized
channel catfish from an egg.
Food fish are harvested year- around to meet the needs of
processing plants, so ponds on a
given farm usually contain fish at
various stages of grow out
throughout the year. Maintaining Brood stock Channel catfish brood stock are
easy to maintain in pond culture,
and spawning efficiency is
reasonably good without any
special manipulation of
environmental conditions or the need for hormone treatments.
Although channel catfish may
mature at 2 years, they must be at
least 3 years old and weigh at least
3 pounds for reliable spawning.
Fish 4 to 6 years old, weighing between 4 and 8 pounds are
considered prime spawners. Older
fish produce fewer eggs per body
weight and larger fish may have
difficulty entering the containers
commonly used as nesting sites. Brood stock are maintained at
relatively low standing crops (less
than 2,000 pounds/acre) to provide
good environmental conditions
and minimize suppression of
spawning by over crowding. Brood fish are seined from ponds and
inspected every year or two. Large
fish, which may be poor spawners,
are culled and replaced with
smaller, younger brood fish.
Periodic inspection of brood fish also provides an opportunity for
adjusting the sex ratios within
brood populations. Spawning activity will begin in the
spring when water temperatures
are consistently around 75º F.
Spawning occurs over a period of
several hours as several layers of
adhesive eggs are deposited in spawning containers. Females
between 4 and 8 pounds typically
lay between 3,000 and 4,000 eggs
per pound body weight. Spawning
success (percentage of females
spawning) ranges from 30 to 80 percent each year, and depends
mainly on the condition and age of
the female brood fish and water
temperatures during the spawning
season. Nesting containers are checked
every 2 or 3 days for the presence
of eggs. The eggs collected from
the brood pond are placed in an
insulated, aerated container and
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transported to the hatchery.

management in fingerlings production

MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR
FINGERLINGS PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR
FINGERLINGS PRODUCTION.
In the 1 day, the water is reduced to the minimum, the
fresh clean water are run
gently into the production
tank. On the 2 day, the un hatched eggs have to be removed and
freshwater continue to run into
the production tank. On the 3 day, larvae yolk sac would have be exhausted thus,
they require feeding, the
1 form of feeding are in the use of artemia –this can be feed
to the fish for about 2 weeks,
then feed the fry with 0.3mm
coppens, then 0.5mm till
around 4-6 weeks. During these periods, the most
important issue is the removal
or reduction of pollution within
the water body. Also, sorting of the shooter
must be done gradually,
physically until a point when all
the fish can be evacuated and
then sorted into their different
sizes prior to sales or transfer to a juvenile production tank. Within 4 weeks a fingerling of
about 1g are bred and can be
sold for between N6-10 and a
production cycle can be up to
between 10,000 and 50,000
fingerlings within intensive production. On the whole, for the benefit of
a starter of the business the
following check list should serve
as a step by step guide. HATCHING SET UP Holding Tank: A wooden vat, a
plastic tank or concrete tank of
any manageable dimension for
practical purpose a 4 ft by 4 ft
can be used. BROODSTOCK Male and female must have the
following characteristics. Male: a. Average age 1
year 1. Large or medium in size 2. The external genital
must cross the anus Female: a. The vulva must
be reddish or pinkish 1. Average age of 1 year 2. On palpation or gentle
press the egg must come
out, the colour of the
egg must be greenish
yellow and have white spot at the north pole. 3. Medium size – for egg
handling (800-1kg). But
larger size can also be
used with an assistant. HATCHING KITS 1. Saline solution b. Pituitary gland or ovaprim
or derivatives 1. Hand towel d. Plastic bowl 1. Scissors or blade or knife OTHER ISSUES 1. Latency period between
9-12 hours at 26 c 2. Spawning should take 24
hours and above 3. Start feeding from third
day and feed sparingly
to avoid clog of uneaten
food at the bottom of
tank that can cause
pollution 4. Feedings of fry should be
done at least every 2
hours and sparingly 5. Change feed size as the
fish grow up in sizes 6. Sort or remove shoot-
out fry as they emerge
physically. 7. Frequent change of
water is a very
important factor for
success. 8. Avoid stress as much as
possible. 9. Removal by siphoning of
the un fed feed in the water. Call us for tutorials, help, for breeding and for ur fish farm set up. 08032861326.

note

Remember to keep the
piglets dry and in a
draught-free pen or box
where the temperature is
high and does not change
much

OUR RICH E-BOOK SALE AND AGRO SERVICES

Dear Friend, I hereby introduce my book on step by step approach to catfish fingerlings production to you. My motivation to write this book is borne out of the fact that so many people have had their fingers burnt in trying to invest in catfish fingerlings production. So many have even attended seminar but could not put into practice what they have learnt. This is the area where my book comes in, because it is practical-oriented. It is very simple and easy to understand. If you follow the step by step methods explained in it I have no doubt in my mind about your success.

Moreover, there are some benefits you will derive from this manual which you may not find in other books. 

 Some of them include:

How to maximize your cost of production through the culture and use of daphnia - a natural feed. A table of trouble shooting - to enable you know what to do immediately should there be any problem. How to identify symptoms and treatment diseases common to catfish.

How to transport your fingerlings to a long distances without experiencing mortality. How to raise the PH of your water. Success tips, which will guide you and lead you to success.

Have any question, please post it at our Support Forum for immediate response.

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2: One Year mentorship and free consultancy, for all those who purchase this manual.

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