MANUALS ON TILAPIA FARMING

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NIGERIA TILAPIA FISH FARMING BUSINESS PLAN/FEASIBILITY STUDY

Tilapia fish farming is a little-known growth industry. But unlike many other industries, starting a tilapia fish farm is easier and cheaper than you might think. Plus: sustainably farmed fish is a huge trend. Due to overfishing and pollution fishery yields are declining. However, the hunger for clean and lean protein is growing worldwide. Tilapia fish is ideal to fill that gap. It is high in protein with little fat, tastes good and tilapia is easy to raise. The uses of tilapia are manifold and there is a huge and growing demand. Tilapia farming is a billion-dollar business and growing. Entry hurdles into the tilapia business are low compared to many other industries. And you don’t have to be born into a family of fishermen to start rearing tilapia fish! Learn aquaponics fish farming. To start tilapia urban fish farming (or anywhere else), just study Our Tilapia Farming Guide.
Tilapia information is easy to come by, however, not all of it is reliable. To be successful you need to know the types of tilapia fish, you will need a fish farm business plan and study the latest aqua farming technology. You’ll find all that information about fish farming in Our ‘Tilapia Farming Guide‘. Learn fish farm management ‘from the ground up’ and avoid costly mistakes with this authoritative tilapia raising guide
A study in the industry has shown that most of the retailers in tilapia industry, do get or buy their supplies from farms far away from their shops, which increases their transactional cost, which includes higher transportation cost. Also preservation of the tilapia before it gets to retailers are badly packaged, which makes the tilapia not last long in storage and reduces its high nutrition and taste.


Our 2015 Tilapia fish farming Business Plan is full of help and industry secrets to make sure your Tilapia fish Farming Business succeeds.

So what is different about our Catfish farming Business Plan?
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Building a Sustainable Business: a Guide to Developing a Tilapia Business Plan for Farms and Rural Businesses helps alternative and sustainable agriculture entrepreneurs develop profitable enterprises. Sample worksheets illustrate how real farm families set goals, researched processing alternatives, determined potential markets, and evaluated financing options.


Product details
•   Language: English
•   Last edited (January 2015)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0   Tilapia Fish Farm Executive Summary
1.1 Tilapia Fish Farm Objectives
1.2 Mission
1.3 Proposed capacity

2.0 Tilapia Fish Farm Products and Services
2.1 Products and Service Description
2.2 Competitive Comparison
2.3 Technology
2.4 Sourcing and Fulfillment
2.5 Future Products and Services
2.6 Company Locations and Facilities
3.0 Fish Farm Market Analysis Summary
3.1 Main Competitors
3.2 Target Market Segment Strategy

4.0 Tilapia Fish Farm Management Summary
4.1 Management Team
4.2 Equipment/Machinery Requirement/ Land & Building/Seed
4.3 Personnel Plan
4.4 Raw Material Requirement
5.0 Tilapia Fish Farm Financial Plan
5.1 Important Assumptions
5.2 Key Financial Indicators
5.3 Analysis from Fingerlings to Adult Size Tilapia Fish
5.4 Projected Profit and Loss for 30,000 male Tilapia Fish
5.5 Market Information
5.6 Mortality Losses
5.7 Threats

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COMPLETE GUIDE TO TILAPIA FISH FARMING IN NIGERIA
FLOATING AND SINKING CATFISH FEED FORMULATION AND PRODUCTION

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TILAPIA FARMING

TILAPIA FISH FARMING BY KINGSWAY AGRO SERVICES

First and foremost, it is amongst the favorable fish worldwide. The demand for tilapia is much acceding supply and that why prices of tilapia remain high.Another important advantage is the reproduction and production ability of the tilapia species. West Africa has extremely good conditions for raising Tilapia due to the quantity and quality of the water and due to optimal weather conditions all year round.Tilapia is a native African fish; it is very resistant to disease and therefore ideal for the earth- pond or cages rearing system proposed in this project.

The increasing demands encourage many growers to enter into tilapia production worldwide. Tilapia belongs to the Cichlid family of fishes. It is one of the major groups of food fish around the world, especially in the tropical and semi-tropical areas. Tilapia has been called "Saint Peter's fish" in reference to biblical passages about the fish fed to the multitudes.

Fry Production Process

Example for a system of Brood-stock and sex reversal: Three groups of brood-stock (parents) 400 females + 150 males which will produce 2.500.000 fry per year.
Breeding stock enter the production cycle of 14 days in the spawning ponds. After 14 days the fry are separated from their parents and transferred to the sex reversal ponds.
Way Sex reversal?

1. By producing 100% males we prevent the fish from reproduction. It is essential to control the number of fish in each pond.

1. Tilapia male is faster growing by 30-40% then Tilapia female.

The process of sex reversal is accomplished by providing high quality feed with a male hormone supplement (testosterone) which changes the fry to 98% male. Duration of treatment: 25-30 days.
The "Hormone supplement" – It is come with portions of 10 kg of high quality fish feed (45% protein) mix with 0.6 gram of a male hormone (testosterone).  To mix the hormone with the feed, we use 4 litter of alcohol which spread the very little hormone on the feed. Eventually the alcohol is evaporates and disappear.
Nursery: The fry after sex reversal are transferred into nursery ponds in two stages until they reach 50 grams.
Stage A – size of 1 gram – 20 gram in 50 days in a density of 200.000/Hact.

Stage B – size of 20 gram – 50 gram in 25 days in a density of 100.000/Hact.

Tilapia fingerlings

Grow out fish: The fish are stocked at size of 50 gram until they reach market size of 450 - 500 grams market size.

Stage A- size of 50 gram – 150gr. in 50 days with the density of 40.000/hect.

Stage B – size of 150 gr. – 300gr. in 50 days with the density of 25.000/hact.

Stage c – size of 300 gr. – 500gr. in 50 days with density of 20.000/hact

Production time intervals:

• Spawning: ~14 days
• Sex reversal: ~ 25 - 30 days
• Nursery for size of 1 gram to 50 grams:~ 75 days
• Growth from 50 gram to market size: ~ 150 days.

Intensive red Tilapia pond 

Fish Breeding Methods

 1.    System: semi intensive

 2. Cages system: small (6x6x5). Big size: (800-1500 SqM)

 3.    Pond types: Earth.

 4.    Size: 0.5 hectare (for nursery & grow out) 0.25 for sex reversal.

 5.    Water supply: pumping from the reservoir/ well+ recycling water from the main canal back to the ponds or to the reservoir.

 6.    Daily water replacement: 5-10%

 7.    Water entry to ponds: 6'' pipes.

 8.    Water drainage from ponds: 8" pipes.

 9.    Water Transporting from ponds and pumps: by canals and pipes.

10.   Method of enriching oxygen to the ponds: paddle wheel and flow-through water.

The Process

Minimum transfer of fish from one pond/cage to another is done so as to protect the fish, save work hours, and avoid days when the ponds are unproductive (i.e., ponds without water or fish). When the fish reach the desired size, they are transferred to another pond dedicated to the next stage of growth or they are sent to market.

Transferring the fish between ponds/cages or to the market is done in special containers with water and oxygen that are hauled by tractors. Similar containers can be transported by truck.

Harvesting the fish is carried out by an experienced team equipped with fish nets and other fishing equipment.

                                                                                                                                          paddle wheels aerators, in earth pond                                                                                                                               

Water quality parameters:                                                                                                         

1.    Water temperature: 22– 30C                

2.   PH: 6.5 - 9.0 (related to water temp.).

3.    Oxygen level (o2) required < 5 mg/L.

4. Free Carbon Dioxide - 2 - 12 mg/L

5. Total Alkalinity - 10 - 100 mg/L

6. Total Hardness - 50 - 250 mg/L

7. Salinity - 1 -15 ppm.  

8.    Drinking water for the farm will be supplied by the water sources in the area.  

9.    The water for operating the fish ponds will be pumped from the Reservoir Rivers or ground water.

 Fish Feed

Required feed for fry: ground 40-48% protein

Required feed for fingerlings: pellets of 35-42% protein

Required feed for grow out fish (market sized): floating pellets of 30-35% protein.

Feed requirements for the farm is estimated 1.5 – 2.0 kilograms of feed to produce 1 kilogram of market-size fish (FCR).

Feeding Table:

Type of fish feed – All fish feed are pelleted with different variety of size and protein content.  

Fingerlings size 1 gram to 20 gram getting feed with 35% protein + 4.0 fat.

Fish from 20 gram to market size getting feed with 32-35 protein + 3.0 fat.

Implementation timetable:

•         Measuring and designing

•         Digging and infrastructure setup

•         Equipments order

•         Farming Methodology study

•         Imploying workers

•         Training  

•         Management

•         Sale and marketing

 

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POPULATION CONTROL IN TILAPIA AND MTHODS

A slightly more sophisticated system is to remove the young from the pond as they are produced, rear them in fry ponds and then stock them into grow-out ponds. Again the fish tend to breed before they are of market size and over-population can result.
The over-population can be controled by the use of a preditor fish. In this system the tilapia are stocked from a fry pond into the grow-out pond and when they have reached a certain size too large for them to be eating by pradator, a predator fish is introduced into the pond. This fish will then eat the majority of tilapia fry when the adults starts to breed and so will prevent over-population. Various predators are used in different part of the world: cichlasoma manguense, El Salvador; Hemichromis fasciatus, Zaire; Lates niloticus, Nigeria; Micropterus samonides, Madagascar; Bagrus docmac, Uganda. The correct balance between the predator and the tilapia is not easy to maintain but this method is an improvement over the straight production systems.

The most effective method of production control is to grow a unisex population so that there can be no breeding. All male poulations are used because males grows faster than females do.
There are three methods of by which unisex populations can be acheived: In the first, the fish are sexed by hand when young and the females are discarded, the difference between the genitalia of the sexes being the criteria used for sorting. This system is slow and requires skilled operatives otherwise a few female fish will be added to the population and breeding will occur.
In the second method all-male populations are achieved by the use of hybrids. It has been found that if certain species of tilapia are cross-bred the resulting offspring are all males; for example male Sarotherodon nilotica crossed with female Sarotherodon mossambica give all-male populations.
In the third system the young fish resulting from normal breeding are treated at an early ege with male sex hormone; this causes a sex reversal in the young females resulting in all-male population. Both methy-testosterone is fed at the rate of 30u/g of feed which is fed at 4o/o of the body weight of the fish for three weeks then 3o/o for seventeen weeks. The treatment is started during the first thirty to fifty days of life.
If the tilapia are reared in cages they cannot breed succesfully as there is no pond bottom on which to spawn, or if they do spawn the eggs fall out of the cage are lost. The disadvantage of this system is that the fish have to be fed by the farmer.
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