FISH BREEDING

Fish breeding is the act of producing young ones from the parent broodstock fish. In fish reproduction or breeding is controlled by internal and external or environmental factors.
INTERNAL FACTORS:
This is controlled by the endocrine system as well as physiological state of the fish.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS:
Salanity, good water quality, adequate food and photoperiod.
Individual ovulation and spawning is achieved by the administration of either pituitary glands from fish/amphibians, mammalian gonadotropins(HCG), DOCA, Ovaprim, liutienizing hormones or other substrates.
HORMONE DOSAGES.
Ovaprim - 0.25 to 0.5ml/kg
Doca - 3.0mg to 5.0mg.
For efficient induced fish fish breeding, the following must be considered;
(1)selection of healthy gravid brood stock.
(2)procurement of gametes.
(3)fertilization of eggs and incubation.
(4)larval/fry rearing.
(5)fingering production and harvest.
(6)fish nutrition ( larval +frys+fingerlings).
(7)water control.
SEX OF FISH DETERMINATION.
Determining the sex of a fish is an important step in knowing whether one has a pair. Most fish are sexually classified as dimorphic or sexully isomophic.
DIMORPHIC:
In this species, the sexes can be easily distinguished by primary(shape of sex organs) and secondary differences(size,shape,colour. Males are frequntly more colorful, larger and have more elaborate finnage.
ISOMORPHIC:
Here there are minute, if any apparent sexual differences, often the only way to distingish between the sexes is the shape of the genital papillae, which is only visible around spawning times. In some isomorphic species, the males are slightly larger and females are sligthly rounder in the belly.' some sexully isomorphic species have no known external sexual differences.

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